India RTO Learner's Licence (LLR) Test Study Guide

The LLR test is multiple-choice, computer-based at most state RTOs (still paper-based in a few rural offices). It contains 10-20 questions depending on the state, and the pass mark is typically 60% - though Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and a few others use 70%.[1][2]

The test source is the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 (the primary national legislation), the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act 2019 (which sharply increased fines and added new offences), and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989. Most state RTOs publish their question pool and answer key on the Parivahan Sewa portal.[3][4]

• Stop sign - red octagon. The only octagonal sign in the system. Always means full stop, not just slow down.
• Give Way - inverted red triangle. Yield to other traffic before proceeding.
• No Entry - solid red circle (no slash). All vehicles prohibited from entering.
• U-turn prohibited - red circle with U-arrow and red diagonal line.
• Compulsory direction - blue circle with white arrow. Must follow the indicated direction.

Hand signals are heavily tested because they appear on the LLR pool but rarely in modern driver training. Memorise both the driver-from-vehicle signals and the traffic-police signals.

• Driver right turn - right arm extended horizontally with palm facing forward.
• Driver left turn - right arm rotated anti-clockwise with palm forward.
• Driver slowing down - right arm extended downward, palm facing rearward, moving up and down.
• Driver overtake/follow me - right arm waving forward in a beckoning motion.
• Police: stop traffic from front - palm raised facing the front vehicle.
• Police: stop traffic from behind - palm raised behind the officer's back.
• Police: allow traffic from one side - arms extended sideways with palms forward; the side facing the open palm goes.

1. At an uncontrolled intersection - give way to traffic from the right.
2. At a T-intersection - vehicles on the terminating road give way to vehicles on the through road.
3. At roundabouts - give way to traffic already in the roundabout (coming from the right in India's left-hand-drive system).
4. Pedestrians on a zebra crossing - drivers must stop and allow pedestrians to cross. Failure is a fineable offence.
5. Emergency vehicles (ambulance, fire, police with siren) - give way by moving to the left of the road and stopping if necessary.

The Central Motor Vehicles Rules set maximum speeds. State governments can set lower limits on specific roads.

• Always overtake from the right side. Overtaking from the left is allowed only when the vehicle ahead is signalling a right turn.
• Never overtake when approaching a hill, blind curve, or unmarked intersection.
• Never overtake when crossing a one-way bridge or when a continuous yellow line marks the centre.

• BAC limit: 30 mg per 100 ml of blood (0.03%) - significantly stricter than most countries.
• Drunk driving - fine of ₹10,000 or imprisonment up to 6 months for first offence; ₹15,000 and/or 2 years for repeat offences.
• Driving without licence - fine of ₹5,000.
• Over-speeding (LMV) - fine of ₹1,000-2,000 depending on excess speed.
• Dangerous driving - fine up to ₹5,000 and imprisonment up to 1 year.
• No helmet (rider or pillion) - fine of ₹1,000 plus 3-month licence suspension.
• Mobile phone while driving - fine of ₹5,000 (₹1,000 for first offence).
• Juvenile (under-18) driving - guardian or vehicle owner fined up to ₹25,000 and 3 years imprisonment; vehicle registration cancelled for 12 months.

• Driving licence - Learner's Licence (during the 6-month learner period) or full Driving Licence.
• Vehicle Registration Certificate (RC) - issued by the RTO.
• Insurance certificate - third-party at minimum, valid and current.
• Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate - required for petrol/diesel vehicles, validity varies (3 months to 1 year).
• Permit and fitness certificate - for commercial vehicles.

1. Day 1: Read the road-signs sections of the MV Act / your state RTO's manual. Drill mandatory signs.
2. Day 2: Drill cautionary signs and informatory signs. Memorise the Stop and Give Way exceptions.
3. Day 3: Hand signals - both driver-from-vehicle and traffic police. Practise drawing them on paper.
4. Day 4: Right-of-way scenarios + speed limits.
5. Day 5: Alcohol, fines under the 2019 Amendment, and document rules.
6. Day 6: Full-length practice test in tutorial then exam mode.
7. Day 7: Review wrong items. Visit Parivahan Sewa to verify your slot and bring originals (Aadhaar, address proof, age proof, medical Form 1A if you are 40+).